依照ELISA試劑盒說明書請求用處

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">檢查試劑每次實驗、每塊扳上都要設置以下</font><font face="Calibri">3</font><font face="宋體">項對照和用處：</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1<font face="宋體">．空白對照：僅用稀釋液替代檢查樣本、</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">試劑盒用來觀察終究反響的顯色&ldquo;本底</font><font face="Calibri">&quot;</font><font face="宋體">、</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">試劑盒并用于酶標儀消除、扣減&ldquo;本底</font><font face="Calibri">&quot;</font><font face="宋體">，也即是說：以本底為&ldquo;零</font><font face="Calibri">&quot;</font><font face="宋體">讀取陽性、陰性對照孔和樣本檢查孔的吸光值（</font><font face="Calibri">A</font><font face="宋體">）；或許，在核算陰性對照均值（</font><font face="Calibri">NCx</font><font face="宋體">）、陽性對照均值（</font><font face="Calibri">PCx</font><font face="宋體">）、樣本讀數的</font><font face="Calibri">S/C.O.</font><font face="宋體">值時減去空白對照的本底吸光值。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">前期的酶標儀沒有主動扣減空白對照孔讀數的功用，</font>ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒這種酶標儀現在現已被篩選了，寫上這段話的意圖是彌補說明設置空白對照的用處。空白孔詳細怎么讀取讀數，應當依照說明書操作。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">2<font face="宋體">．陰性對照：</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">（</font>1<font face="宋體">） </font><strong><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></strong><font face="宋體">陰性對照的意義與請求：</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒所謂陰性對照，是本次檢查實驗中選用與待檢查物（樣品、人用試劑即是人的血清等）具有同源性和同質性，又不富含待檢物質，而且可以客觀比照和區分處理要素（血清免疫學實驗中有特異性抗原與抗體反響）之間的區別。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">因而，用動物血清或其成品替代陰性人血清作為對照品，無論是從理論仍是實踐上都是不可取的。留意：據我所知，國產</font>ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒中，有的廠家是用動物血清成品稀釋裝備或與有些人血清混合裝備的；陰性對照讀數，并不是&ldquo;越低越好</font><font face="Calibri">&quot;</font><font face="宋體">。</font><font face="Calibri">NCx</font><font face="宋體">值挨近</font><font face="Calibri">0.00X</font><font face="宋體">水平，這是假象！</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試想一下，真實選用</font>&ldquo;陰性人血清<font face="Calibri">&quot;</font><font face="宋體">的陰性對照品，</font><font face="Calibri">NCx</font><font face="宋體">值會如此之低嗎？例如，雅培乙肝六項</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">試劑盒的</font><font face="Calibri">NCx</font><font face="宋體">值，分別為：</font><font face="Calibri">0.010</font><font face="宋體">（</font><font face="Calibri">HBsAg</font><font face="宋體">）、</font><font face="Calibri">0.027</font><font face="宋體">（抗&mdash;</font><font face="Calibri">HBs</font><font face="宋體">）、</font><font face="Calibri">0.035</font><font face="宋體">（</font><font face="Calibri">HBeAg</font><font face="宋體">）、</font><font face="Calibri">1.083</font><font face="宋體">（抗&mdash;</font><font face="Calibri">HBe</font><font face="宋體">）、</font><font face="Calibri">1.065</font><font face="宋體">（抗&mdash;</font><font face="Calibri">HBc</font><font face="宋體">）、</font><font face="Calibri">0.045</font><font face="宋體">（抗</font><font face="Calibri">HBc-IgM</font><font face="宋體">）。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">生物梅里埃的</font>HIV<font face="宋體">試劑</font><font face="Calibri">NCx</font><font face="宋體">是</font><font face="Calibri">0.091</font><font face="宋體">。區分試劑</font><font face="Calibri">NCx</font><font face="宋體">值是不是合理的一個很簡單的辦法，只需比照大量陰性樣本的實際讀數就&ldquo;一目了然</font><font face="Calibri">&quot;</font><font face="宋體">啦！</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">（</font>2<font face="宋體">）陰性對照分為兩類</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒一是受檢人血清中并不富含或辦法學靈敏度未能檢出的待檢物的基準水平，而且結果判斷值（</font><font face="Calibri">Cut off</font><font face="宋體">）核算式中決議&ldquo;是</font><font face="Calibri">&quot;</font><font face="宋體">（陽性）、或&ldquo;否</font><font face="Calibri">&quot;</font><font face="宋體">（陰性）的僅有可變值。陰性對照值高，致使假陰性；反之，</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">試劑盒致使假陽性。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">二是陰性對照設置，在辦法學上請求參加指示性定量規范品，</font>ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒如中和劑</font><font face="Calibri">HBeAg</font><font face="宋體">，定量</font><font face="Calibri">HBcAg</font><font face="宋體">等，用以檢查抗&mdash;</font><font face="Calibri">HBe</font><font face="宋體">、抗&mdash;</font><font face="Calibri">HBc</font><font face="宋體">。或許，選擇代表平均水平的正常人血清用作陰性對照，</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">試劑盒如檢查抗&mdash;</font><font face="Calibri">HBc IgM</font><font face="宋體">。此類</font><font face="Calibri">Cut off </font><font face="宋體">值核算時，大都均包含陰性和陽性對照值</font><font face="Calibri">2</font><font face="宋體">個可變值。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>